Frequently asked questions.
Answers to what people ask us about Xegality, from research, drafting and court tracking to pricing, security and accounts, plus where common IPC, CrPC and Evidence Act sections now sit. Search below or pick a topic.
480 questions in 23 topics
Getting started
What Xegality is, who it is for and how to begin.
What is Xegality?
Xegality is an AI-native legal workspace built for Indian practice. Advocates, law firms, in-house legal teams, clients and law students use it to research Indian case law, draft documents, manage cases and court dates, work with clients and send GST-ready invoices, all in one place.
Who is Xegality for?
Advocates, law firms, corporate legal teams, chartered accountants, clients and law students. Each gets a dashboard built for their side of the work.
Is Xegality a law firm? Does it give legal advice?
No. Xegality is software for legal work. It is not a law firm, it does not practise law and it does not give legal advice. Answers and drafts from Xegality AI are general information and should be reviewed by a qualified advocate before they are relied on.
Read our TermsHow do I get started?
Create an account and pick your role. Lawyers, law firms, companies and students get 7 days of every feature free, with no card. Clients get a free account. If you would like a walkthrough first, book a demo.
Get startedDo I need to install anything?
No. Xegality runs in your web browser on any computer. There is also an Android app on Google Play, and the iPhone app is coming soon to the App Store.
Does Xegality work in Hindi?
Xegality AI answers in English, Hindi or Hinglish, and Lens reads English and Hindi sources. The menus and screens of the app are in English.
Can I see Xegality on matters like mine before I sign up?
Yes. Book a demo and tell us about your practice. We will walk you through research, drafting, cases and billing for the kind of work you do.
Book a demoWhich account type should I choose when I sign up?
Pick the one that matches how you will use Xegality: Consumer if you are a client, Law student, Lawyer for an independent advocate, Law firm for a firm and its team, or Corporate for an in-house legal team. Consumer accounts are free; the others start with a free trial.
Create an accountWhat details do I need to create an account?
Your name, mobile number, email address and a password. Law firm and corporate sign-ups also ask for the organisation's details and your designation. We send one code to your mobile and another to your email, and you confirm that you accept the Terms and Privacy Policy and are 18 or older, or have a parent's or guardian's consent.
What happens after I create my account?
You land on the dashboard for your account type. Lawyers, law firms, companies and students get a free trial of every feature from sign-up, and the Billing page shows how many days are left. Client accounts are free, so there is nothing to start.
Can I change my account type later?
Not by yourself. Your account type is set when you sign up and can't be changed from Settings. If you picked the wrong one, write to [email protected] from your registered email and tell us which type you need.
My firm or company invited me. How do I join?
Open the link in your invitation email and create your account from it. You then join your firm's or company's workspace, and its plan covers you. Invitation links expire and work only once, so if yours has stopped working, ask the owner to send a new one.
Can I use the same account on my phone and my computer?
Yes. Sign in with the same mobile number or email in your browser and in the Android app, and your cases, drafts and files are the same on both.
What happens after I book a demo?
Fill in the short form on the Book a demo page and our team contacts you by email to find a time that suits you. The walkthrough focuses on the kind of matters you handle, from the first research question to the final invoice.
Book a demoHow is Xegality different from a general AI chatbot?
Xegality AI is built for Indian legal work. It searches Indian judgments, live court records and your own Vault, and links each claim to the source it came from. It also sits in the same workspace as your cases, drafts and invoices, and asks you to approve its plan before it changes anything.
How is Xegality different from Harvey?
Xegality is built for Indian practice, with Indian judgments, court tracking by CNR, the BNS, BNSS and BSA, and practice tools such as a case diary, client dashboard and GST invoices. Harvey is enterprise legal AI used by large firms and in-house teams across many countries. Our comparison page sets out the details.
Xegality vs HarveyAre there videos that show how to use Xegality?
Yes. Many feature pages on our website include a short how-to video, for example for Xegality AI, the Vault, the Dataroom, Lens, Index and drafting. For a guided walkthrough on your own kind of work, book a demo.
All featuresWhich company runs Xegality?
Xegality Technologies Private Limited. The Terms and Conditions and the End-User License Agreement are agreements between you and this company, and both are governed by the laws of India.
Xegality AI and research
Cited answers, case-law search and regulatory updates.
What is Xegality AI?
Xegality's legal assistant. Ask a legal question in plain language and get an answer with citations to the judgments, statutes and sources it relied on. It can also take on multi-step work, such as reviewing a set of documents or preparing a draft, and hands the result back to you for review.
About Xegality AIWhere do Xegality AI's answers come from?
From the sources it searches for that question: Indian judgments, live court case data, CourtListener opinions, SEC EDGAR filings, the web, or your own Vault. Each claim is linked to the source it came from.
Which courts can I search?
Indian judgments from the Supreme Court, 16 High Courts, NCDRC and ITAT, with live case status fetched from court records. For US material there are CourtListener opinions and SEC EDGAR filings.
About the DataroomDoes Xegality cover the new criminal laws (BNS, BNSS and BSA)?
Yes. Xegality covers the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam. Our free converters map IPC sections to BNS, CrPC to BNSS and the Evidence Act to BSA.
Free legal toolsCan Xegality AI make mistakes?
Yes, like any AI. It speeds up research and first drafts, but it does not replace legal judgement. Read the cited authorities before you rely on an answer, and have a qualified advocate check anything you file or send.
Can Xegality AI change my work on its own?
No. Xegality AI asks you to approve its plan before it acts and puts every change in a review queue. Workflows pause for approval before steps that draft with AI or create clients and cases.
Can Xegality AI use my own documents?
Yes. Point Xegality AI at your Vault and its answers are grounded in your files, with citations back to the page they came from.
About the VaultWhat is Lens?
Lens watches 30 official Indian sources, including RBI, SEBI, CBIC, MCA, IBBI, eGazette, India Code and the Supreme Court, and brings you the updates that matter to your clients. Every update is labelled by source type, and the analysis cites the passage it relies on.
About LensCan I tell Xegality AI which source to search?
Yes. Xegality AI picks its sources on its own, but a chip under the message box can point it at one: INDIA for Supreme Court and High Court judgments, GST for GST law, CBIC circulars and GST judgments (for lawyers with GST Practice), USA for US opinions, EDGAR for SEC filings, the web or your Vault. A chip stays on for every message until you turn it off.
About Xegality AICan I ask Xegality AI about my own cases and clients?
Yes. Ask about your own cases, clients, drafts or physical files, such as when a matter is next listed or who has a file, and Xegality AI answers from your Xegality records.
Can Xegality AI check a case's live status from its CNR number?
Yes. Type the CNR in chat and Xegality AI fetches the case's live status, orders and next date from court records. To be told about new orders and hearing dates, add the CNR to the case's Court tab.
Can Xegality AI turn my request into a draft?
Yes. Ask for a bail application, a legal notice or an NDA and it opens as an editable draft in the drafting editor, where you can refine it and run the risk scan and citation check before it goes anywhere.
Can I save or download an answer from Xegality AI?
Yes. Copy the answer or download it as a PDF. Lawyers can also save it to the Vault, so the research stays with the rest of the matter's files.
Does Xegality AI search the internet too?
Yes, when a question needs current information. The web is one of its sources, alongside Indian judgments, court records, CourtListener, SEC EDGAR and your Vault. Turn on the Web chip if you want it to search the web for every message.
Can Xegality AI compare Indian and US law on a point?
Yes. Ask for an India-vs-USA comparison, for example on anticipatory bail, and it sets out both positions with citations for each side. One search reads Indian case law, CourtListener and SEC EDGAR together.
How do I hand Xegality AI a multi-step task?
Describe the task in plain language and point it to the files. Xegality AI lists its steps and any questions, you edit or approve the plan, and it works while you watch progress live. Drafts, index rows and file changes then wait in a review queue for you.
How Xegality AI handles tasksWhat does Xegality AI do when a fact it needs is missing?
It stops and asks you instead of guessing. The step that needs the fact waits, marked as needing you, and the work carries on once you answer.
What can Xegality AI create in my workspace?
It can create and edit drafts, create indexes and add rows, organise folders and files, and create tasks. Each change waits in the review queue with its citations until you accept it.
Can Xegality AI work through a large set of files?
Yes. Large jobs are split across sub-agents that work on your files in parallel, and you can watch each step's progress live. Everything they produce still waits in the review queue until you accept it.
What are Xegality AI skills?
Saved methods for recurring work. Built-in skills include Synopsis & List of Dates, a Section 138 NI Act demand notice, a hearing brief, a limitation check and a due diligence report. You can also write your own skills, for the whole firm or just for yourself.
Do the AI providers train their models on my files?
Their terms with Xegality don't allow it. Only the text needed for a request is sent to the AI provider, only when you use an AI feature and only for that request. The Privacy Policy lists every AI provider Xegality uses.
Read the Privacy PolicyCan I search only Delhi High Court judgments?
Yes. In the Dataroom's India tab, choose Delhi High Court in the court filter and search as usual. The same filter lets you narrow results to the Supreme Court or any other High Court we cover.
About the DataroomCan I see the most recent judgments first?
Yes. Sort Dataroom results by most recent, oldest first or A to Z, or keep the most relevant at the top.
Can I read full US court opinions in Xegality?
Yes. Search them in the Dataroom's USA tab and read the full opinion inside Xegality. US opinions come from CourtListener, the free legal research database run by the Free Law Project, which covers federal and state courts.
Can I check a US company's SEC filings?
Yes. In the EDGAR tab, find a US-listed company, browse its filings, read the XBRL financial facts such as revenue and net income, and get a short AI summary of a filing. The original filing is always one click away.
About US researchWhen should I use the Dataroom instead of Xegality AI?
Use the Dataroom when you want to search and read the sources yourself, with court filters, a full-text reader and export to PDF or Word. Xegality AI searches the same sources for you and writes a cited answer, which you can then check in the Dataroom.
How do I set up a Lens tracker?
Describe what to watch in plain language, pick topics such as GST, SEBI, FEMA or labour, choose the sources and link the clients or cases it serves. Lens then plans its searches, reads what is new and matches it to the tracker.
About LensHow often does Lens check for new updates?
As often as you set for each tracker: run it manually, daily, or on the weekdays you choose. Scans run in the tracker's own time zone.
Can Lens use only official sources, or also LiveLaw and Bar & Bench?
Your choice. A tracker can use official sources only, official sources first, or all sources, and secondary sources such as LiveLaw, Bar & Bench and Taxmann can be included or left out. Every update is labelled official, secondary or unverified.
Can Lens tell me which of my clients an update affects?
Yes. Link a tracker to your clients and, for each update, Lens shows whether it applies to each linked client and why, citing the passage it relies on. You then mark it applicable or not.
Can I turn a Lens update into a task with a deadline?
Yes. Turn an update into an action with a due date confirmed from the source text, add it to an index as a row, or open a client brief in the editor. Alerts reach you in the app and by email, with digests of what changed.
Can Lens compare a new circular with a contract in my Vault?
Yes. Open the update in Lens and compare it with a document in your Vault to see what the change means for it. You can also ask questions about the update, answered from the source text.
How do I get better results from Xegality AI?
Ask the way you would brief a colleague: give the facts, the court or statute if you know it, and attach or point to the documents the answer depends on. Turn on a source chip for a specific source, then open the citations and read the authorities before you rely on the answer.
Vault, Index and Knowledge
Your files, the indexes built from them and your firm's saved know-how.
Can I search the Vault by meaning, not just exact words?
Yes. Each file is split and indexed in the background after upload, so search finds a passage by what it says, even when the wording differs from what you typed.
About the VaultCan I chat with a document in my Vault?
Yes. Use /summarize, /compare, /risks and /memo on your files for a summary, a comparison, a list of risks or a memo. You can also research Indian law, US law, the web or EDGAR starting from a file.
What else can I do with a single file in the Vault?
Extract its key terms, run legal research on it, find relevant cases, or generate a draft from it. You can also preview the file in the browser without downloading it.
Can I keep a separate folder for each matter?
Yes. Organise Vault files in folders, one per matter if you like. When Autopilot opens a matter, it creates the Vault folder for you and saves each draft there as a .docx file.
Does a Google Drive import stay in sync with Drive?
No. Import is one way: you pick files in Google Drive and they are copied into the Vault, PDFs as they are, Google Docs as DOCX and Google Sheets as XLSX. Later edits in Drive are not copied across.
How much can I store in the Vault?
It depends on your plan. The Pricing page shows the Vault storage each plan includes, and you can add a storage pack to a live plan from the Billing page.
See pricingWhat kinds of columns can a tabular review have?
Five types: free response for open questions, classification into your own categories, yes or no, date, and verbatim for the exact words of a clause. The type decides the shape of each answer, so an expiry comes back as a date.
About tabular reviewCan I export a tabular review to Excel?
Yes. Download the table as XLSX, CSV or JSON for reports and client updates. You don't need to re-upload anything to run a review, because it works on files already in your Vault folders.
What happens to cells I flag in a tabular review?
You can send them to an index, where each becomes a row you can assign, comment on and sign off, so the follow-ups are tracked with their source.
What is Index?
Checklists, chronologies and trackers that an AI agent fills from your Vault documents, with a citation on every row. Start from a template such as a closing checklist, Synopsis & List of Dates, a due diligence tracker or a limitation and hearing tracker, or from a blank index.
About IndexCan Index prepare a list of dates from my case papers?
Yes. Point Index, or the Synopsis & List of Dates skill, at the pleadings and orders in your Vault. Each date comes with the page or paragraph it came from, and you can export the result to Word for the paper book.
What does Index do when the documents don't answer a field?
It leaves it out rather than guess. Every row it adds cites the clause or paragraph it relied on, so you can check each one against the source before you use it.
Can I add my own fields to an index?
Yes. Add custom fields the AI can fill, set your own statuses, and save the layout as a firm template so everyone in the firm starts the same way.
Can my team work on the same index?
Yes. Indexes update in real time. Assign rows to members, filter to Assigned to me, and keep comments, attachments and sign-off on each row as the work moves.
Will Index remind me when an item is due?
Yes. Due-soon reminders keep deadlines visible. When the index is ready to share, export it to CSV or Word.
What is in Knowledge?
Your firm's reusable know-how: clauses, prompts, notes, reference files, question sets and saved websites in the Legal Library, plus playbooks and precedents. Lens, for regulatory tracking, sits here too.
About KnowledgeHow do my firm's saved clauses affect Xegality AI?
Clauses you enable in the Legal Library are added to Xegality AI's context in chat, so its answers and drafts lean on your firm's standard wording. You can also draft clauses with AI, compare versions and get recommendations.
Can I save a prompt and reuse it with different details?
Yes. Save a prompt with variables, fill them in when you run it, and share it with your team so everyone runs the same instruction. Saved prompts also run from the Word add-in.
Can I send clients a form to collect their details?
Yes. Build a question set, publish it and send the public link. Responses are collected in your Legal Library, so you can reuse the same set, such as a new client intake, for every matter.
What is a playbook in Xegality?
Your firm's positions on contract terms, written down once and linked to your clauses. Playbooks apply to new contracts: the playbook check in drafting compares a draft with those positions, and the Word add-in can review an open document against them.
Can I keep my firm's precedents in Xegality?
Yes. Knowledge holds your firm's precedents alongside its clauses, prompts and notes. If you connect Claude or ChatGPT, they can use your saved knowledge, precedents and notes when they answer.
Drafting and documents
Drafts, review, signatures and your document store.
What can I draft with Xegality?
Notices, petitions, agreements, affidavits and any other document, in an editor with AI help, a risk scan and citation checks. The AI Drafter, currently in Beta, asks about the matter and builds the draft with you.
About DraftingCan I export my drafts to Word or PDF?
Yes. Every draft exports to PDF or Word.
Can my client review and sign a draft?
Yes. Share the draft to your client's free dashboard. They can comment, suggest changes, fill the fields you add and sign by drawing or typing their signature. No separate e-signature service is needed, and you decide what goes into the next version.
What is Autopilot?
Pick the documents a matter needs and Autopilot creates a case, a Vault folder and one draft per document, saved in the editor and as a .docx in the folder. If a document isn't listed, choose Custom and describe it.
About AutopilotWhat is the Vault?
Storage for your files that Xegality AI can search and cite. It holds PDF, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, image and ZIP files with previews in the browser, and you can import files from Google Drive.
Can I review many documents at once?
Yes. Ask the same questions of a set of similar documents, such as leases, NDAs or loan agreements, and see the answers side by side in a table. Every cell is editable, and you can mark cells as verified or flag them for follow-up.
Does Xegality work inside Microsoft Word?
Yes. With the Word add-in you can ask about the open document, review it against your playbooks and run saved prompts, and open and save Word files in OneDrive.
See integrationsWhere can I find free legal formats?
On our Legal formats pages: legal notice, vakalatnama, affidavit and other common formats, free to read and use.
Legal formatsHow do I start a new draft in Xegality?
Four ways: use the case or document wizard, upload a file you already have, brief the AI Drafter, or run Autopilot for a full set of documents. You can insert material from your Vault as you go.
About DraftingCan I upload a draft I have already written?
Yes. Upload a PDF, DOCX, DOC or TXT file and it becomes an editable draft, with the same AI tools, checks and client sharing as any other draft.
What is Draft Studio?
Draft Studio is Xegality's drafting workspace, where you write and edit drafts with AI, run the risk scan and citation check, and share drafts with clients. Drafts that Xegality AI, Claude or ChatGPT save for you open there too.
What can the AI do with text I select in the editor?
Rewrite it, improve the legal language, expand or shorten it, summarise it, explain it in plain English, or add citations and case law. Check the result as you would any AI-written text.
Can I translate a draft into Hindi or another Indian language?
Yes. Translate a selected passage or the whole draft into Hindi or another Indian language, such as Marathi, Tamil or Bengali, written in its own script. Have someone who reads the language check it before you use it.
What does the risk scan do?
It reads the draft and flags clauses that carry risk, so you can fix them before the draft goes to your client or the court. Drafts with open risk flags are marked in Draft Tracking.
How does the citation check work?
Choose “Verify Citations” and Xegality lists the judgments and statute sections the draft cites. Each one is marked verified, or flagged for you to check because it could not be found or may be wrong. Read the authorities yourself before you file.
What is a playbook check?
It compares a draft with your firm's playbook, the positions your firm has written down for its contracts, and shows where the draft departs from them. Playbooks link to the clauses in your library.
Where do I set up my firm's playbooks?
In Settings → Playbooks. Write your positions down once, and the playbook check in the drafting editor and in the Word add-in compares contracts against them.
Can I use my Vault files while drafting?
Yes. Insert material from your Vault into a draft as you write, generate a new draft from any Vault file, and save exports back to the Vault.
About the VaultCan I reuse my firm's standard clauses?
Yes. Keep them in the clause library in the Legal Library, where AI helps you draft and compare them. Clauses you enable are added to Xegality AI's context, so its answers and drafts lean on your firm's wording.
About the Legal LibraryCan I send a client a questionnaire before I start drafting?
Yes. Build a question set in the Legal Library, publish it and send the client its public link. Their responses are collected in your library, so you have the facts in one place.
How do I move a draft through review?
Change its status as it progresses: Draft, In review, Approved and Final. You can also set a review deadline, and Draft Tracking lists every draft by status.
Does Xegality keep earlier versions of a draft?
Yes. Each draft has a version history, and you approve the version that counts. When you share a new version, your client sees exactly what changed since the last one.
Can I see who else is working on a draft?
Yes. The editor shows the colleagues who are editing the draft live, and you can leave comments on the text for each other.
What is Draft Tracking?
One table of all your drafts, with each draft's status, review deadline, shares, reads, signatures and open risk flags, plus an activity feed of what clients have done on the drafts you shared.
About Draft TrackingHow will I know when my client opens or signs a draft?
You see it as it happens. Opens, comments, change requests, filled fields, approvals and signatures show up on your side and in the Draft Tracking activity feed, marked unread until you mark them read.
Can I give my client a deadline to review a draft?
Yes. Set a review deadline when you share the draft. It shows against the draft in Draft Tracking, and drafts past their deadline are marked overdue.
Can I warn my client about a risky clause inside the draft?
Yes. Flag the clause and add a short explanation. It is highlighted in the client's copy of the draft with your note, so they know where to read closely.
Can my client ask for changes instead of approving?
Yes. The client can comment on the text, suggest a change and request changes rather than approve. You see the request on your side and in Draft Tracking, and can send a revised version.
Does my client need a Xegality account to review a draft?
Yes, a free one. Drafts are shared to the client's dashboard, so add them as a client first, or share by their Xegality ID if they already have an account.
Is a signature collected in Xegality enough for every document?
Not necessarily. The built-in signature is a drawn or typed signature made in the client dashboard. Documents that must be stamped, registered, notarised or signed in ink still need those steps, so check what the document requires with an advocate.
Which documents can Autopilot draft?
More than 60 Indian document types across litigation and transactions, such as writ petitions, bail and anticipatory bail applications, plaints, NCLT applications, MACT claims, consumer complaints, NDAs, shareholders' agreements and property deeds.
About AutopilotDoes Autopilot draft documents one at a time?
No. The documents you pick are drafted in parallel. You can watch each one move from queued to done, and come back to the run whenever you like.
Can Xegality AI start a draft for me?
Yes. Ask Xegality AI for a bail application, a notice or an NDA and it opens as an editable draft in the drafting editor, where you can refine it and run the checks.
Doc Canvas and Office add-ins
Reading and annotating documents, and Xegality inside Word and Outlook.
What is Doc Canvas?
A workspace for close reading. Open PDFs and Word files side by side with a canvas of notes, highlight and excerpt passages, and every note stays linked to the page it came from.
About Doc CanvasCan I scan paper documents with my phone camera?
Yes. Point your phone at the page and Doc Canvas finds its edges, captures it when it holds still, straightens it and evens out shadows. Check or retake each page, and the pages become one searchable PDF in your workspace.
Which files can I open in Doc Canvas?
PDFs and Word (.docx) files. A Word file is turned into a PDF in your browser so you can read and highlight it like any PDF; the text and structure are kept, but page breaks and spacing can differ from Word.
Can I use Doc Canvas without an internet connection?
Yes. Once a workspace is saved on your device you can keep reading and annotating offline, and your changes sync when you reconnect.
Can Doc Canvas read scanned PDFs?
Yes. Run text recognition on scanned pages so their text can be selected and searched. It runs on your own device, for English, Hindi, Marathi or Gujarati, and the recognised text syncs to colleagues on the workspace.
Can I export my Doc Canvas notes?
Yes. Export your canvases, highlights and comments as a Word document, or print them or save them as a PDF. Each note keeps its citation: the document and page it came from.
What happens to my highlights when a new version of a document arrives?
Replace the document with the new version and your highlights, excerpts and links follow their passages. Anything that can't be matched is tagged for you to check, and you can undo the replacement.
How do I install the Word add-in?
Download the add-in manifest from the Xegality for Word page and upload it in Word under My add-ins → Upload my add-in. Xegality then appears on Word's Home tab. The page gives the exact steps for Word on the web and on desktop.
Xegality for WordCan our IT team roll out the Word and Outlook add-ins to the whole firm?
Yes. A Microsoft 365 administrator can deploy them to everyone from the Microsoft 365 admin centre, under Settings → Integrated apps → Upload custom apps.
Which versions of Word does the add-in support?
Word 2019, Word in Microsoft 365 and Word on the web. If your Word is older, the add-in tells you so; update Word and open the add-in again.
Will the Word add-in change my document without asking?
No. Suggested edits appear in the pane and reach the document only when you apply them. By default they go in as tracked changes you can accept or reject in Word, and you can switch to direct edits.
What do the Word add-in's Actions do?
They handle routine jobs on the open document: improve selected writing, fill a template from a term sheet or earlier document, anonymise names and ID numbers, translate, and turn the other side's tracked changes into an issues list.
What can I do with the Outlook add-in?
Use the Assistant on the email you have open: summarise the thread, draft a reply in the tone you choose, or polish the one you are writing. You can also save the email and its attachments to your Vault, or attach Vault documents to an email.
Can I save an email straight to a matter?
Yes. From the Outlook add-in, save the open email, with or without its attachments, to any Vault folder or to a matter's folder.
How do I install the Outlook add-in?
Download the manifest from the Xegality for Outlook page. In Outlook on the web or the new Outlook, open an email and go to Apps → Get Add-ins → My add-ins → Add a custom add-in → Add from file. Xegality then appears on every email.
Xegality for OutlookDo I need a Xegality account to use the Word and Outlook add-ins?
Yes. Sign in to Xegality from the add-in pane. If you are new, you can create an account from the same screen.
Cases, courts and practice
Case diary, court tracking, billing and automation.
Can I manage all my cases in Xegality?
Yes. Each case keeps its parties, timeline, hearings, drafts, documents and invoices together. Closed and completed cases move to Matter History, where you can still open them.
About Case ManagementHow does court tracking by CNR work?
Add the CNR number to a case's Court tab, or follow it from the Dataroom. Xegality fetches the court record when you open the case and notifies you of new orders, judgments and hearing dates, so you don't have to check eCourts every day.
About Court trackingWhat is a CNR number?
The Case Number Record is the unique 16-character number the court system gives every case registered on eCourts. You will find it on the court's case status page and on most orders.
How to check case status by CNRWill I get reminders before a hearing?
Yes. For cases you track, Xegality notifies you of new hearing dates and reminds you the day before a hearing. Appointments can also send you a WhatsApp reminder the day before.
Can I send invoices to my clients?
Yes. Create GST-ready, branded invoices linked to a case. One invoice can mix fees, hourly work and expenses. Clients view and download them from their dashboard and pay you directly, using the bank and UPI details on your invoice.
About InvoicesCan I keep track of physical case files?
Yes. File Tracking records where each paper file is and who has it. You can also ask the WhatsApp assistant where a file is, and archive the files of closed matters.
Can I use Xegality on WhatsApp?
Yes. Message Xegality's WhatsApp Business number from your usual WhatsApp to check case status and hearing dates, find a physical file, see your appointments, ask legal questions or get a summary of a document you send. Your number is linked with a one-time code.
About the WhatsApp AssistantCan I automate routine work?
Yes. Workflows chain steps such as reading a document, researching, drafting and saving to the Vault into one run. Steps that create a client or a case pause until you approve, and no coding is needed.
About WorkflowsCan I build a website for my practice?
Yes. The Website Builder publishes a site for you or your firm from a template you can change at any time, on your own domain if you add a CNAME record, with page views and contact-form submissions in its analytics.
Can Xegality replace my paper advocate diary?
Yes. Each case keeps its hearing dates, client, documents, physical file and invoices together, and for cases you link by CNR the next date, stage and new orders come in from eCourts. Your diary is the same in the browser and in the Android app.
Advocate diary appCan I filter my case list by type or priority?
Yes. Filter cases by type and priority, or search by case name, client or CNR, so the matters that need attention first are easy to find.
Does each case keep a record of what has happened on it?
Yes. Every case has a timeline of hearings and events and an activity log of what changed, so anyone picking up the matter can follow its history.
Can I chat with my clients inside Xegality?
Yes. Client chat works in real time, with documents and photos, read receipts and unread badges, and you can see when a client is online. You can also start a conversation from the case page.
About ClientsI sent a client the wrong file. Can I delete the message?
Yes. Delete it for everyone in the conversation, and it is removed from your client's side of the chat as well.
Can I save a client's GST number?
Yes. Store the client's GST number and address with their contact details when you add them, so their billing details are on record when you raise an invoice.
Can I see my appointments by day, week or month?
Yes. Switch between day, week and month views to plan around court days. Each appointment records the client's name and contact, the reason, the date and time, and how long it will take.
Can I mark an appointment as completed or cancelled?
Yes. Mark each appointment completed, rescheduled or cancelled, and search by client name or reason to find any past or upcoming meeting.
Can I choose the GST rate on an invoice?
Yes. Pick the GST rate for each invoice, or none at all, and Xegality works out the tax and the total for you.
Can my invoices show my bank details and UPI ID?
Yes. Set up your invoice template once with your logo, colours, bank account, IFSC, UPI ID and authorised signatory, and every invoice carries them, so clients know how to pay you.
About InvoicesCan I email an invoice to a client from Xegality?
Yes. Send the invoice by email with its PDF attached, straight from Xegality. The client can also view and download it from their dashboard, under the case it belongs to.
How do I keep track of unpaid invoices?
Each invoice shows whether it is a draft, sent, paid, overdue or refunded. Mark invoices paid or overdue as things change, and the invoice list shows what is still outstanding.
Can I log who took a paper file and when it is due back?
Yes. Check a file out with the person's name, the reason and the expected return date, and check it back in when it returns. Files not returned on time are flagged overdue, and you get a WhatsApp reminder naming the file and who has it.
About File TrackingCan I see where a paper file has been?
Yes. Every file keeps a location history, with an entry for each move, and a checkout history showing who had it, why and when it was due back.
Can I link a paper file to its digital copies?
Yes. Add the digital documents to the physical file's record, so the paper file and its copies sit together. You can also note the next hearing date on the file, so files needed in court are easy to spot.
Court tracking and eCourts
CNR numbers, case status, orders and hearing alerts.
Where can I find the CNR number of my case?
District court orders and judgments usually print it at the top or bottom of the first page. It also shows on the eCourts case status page when you search by case number, party name, advocate name or FIR number, and the court's filing counter can give it to you.
What do the letters and digits in a CNR mean?
Take MHAU010012342023: MH is the state code, AU the district code, 01 the court establishment, 001234 the case's serial number in that establishment, and 2023 the year the case was registered.
Can I check that a CNR is in the right format before searching?
Yes. The free CNR checker on our case status guide checks the format, four letters followed by twelve digits, splits the number into its parts and opens eCourts with the CNR copied, ready to paste.
Check a CNR numberWhy does a CNR show as not found?
Usually because of a typing mistake, spaces or hyphens in the number, a case that has been filed but not yet registered, or court data that has not been uploaded yet. Check the number against an order and try again later.
Can I track a High Court case by CNR?
Yes. High Courts on the eCourts system issue CNRs just as district courts do, and Xegality tracks both. Add the High Court CNR to the case's Court tab in the same way.
Can I track a Supreme Court case by CNR?
No. Supreme Court cases are not on the eCourts CNR search; the Supreme Court's own website finds them by diary number, case number or party name. You can still search Supreme Court judgments in the Dataroom.
Can one case track both the trial court and the appeal?
Yes. A case's Court tab can hold more than one CNR, for example the trial court matter and the High Court appeal, and each is tracked with its own court record and alerts.
Do I need to create a case in Xegality to follow a CNR?
No. Follow a CNR from the Dataroom and you get alerts for new orders and hearing dates without opening a case. Add it to a case's Court tab when you want the record kept with the rest of the matter.
About the DataroomCan I add the CNR while opening a new case?
Yes. Enter the CNR in the new case form to fill in the case details from eCourts, and court tracking starts as soon as the case is created. You can also add a CNR later from the case's Court tab.
What does Xegality show for a tracked case?
The court record from eCourts: the parties and their advocates, the case stage, the court and judge, the next hearing date, the hearing history and the orders.
Can I open the court's orders in Xegality?
Yes. Orders listed against a tracked case open as PDFs that you can read or download, wherever the court has uploaded the PDF to eCourts.
Can Xegality explain what a court order says?
Yes. AI order analysis sets out what the court decided, the directions it gave and what happens next, with the original order a click away. Read the original before you rely on the summary.
About Court trackingIs the court status in Xegality always up to date?
It is fetched from eCourts, so it is as current as the court's own record, and you can press Refresh on a case to fetch it again. Some courts upload orders and data late, so check the court's record before relying on it for anything urgent.
Can my client see the court status of their case?
Yes. When a case is tracked by CNR, your client sees the same court record in their free client dashboard and sets their own alerts, separately from yours.
Can I choose which court alerts I receive?
Yes. For each tracked CNR you set your own alerts: hearing and order alerts, which cover new dates, orders and judgments and a reminder the day before, and an optional daily morning update with the next hearing, stage and latest order. Your choices don't affect anyone else's.
Automation, WhatsApp and your website
Workflows, the WhatsApp assistant and the Website Builder.
Should I use a workflow or ask Xegality AI?
Use a workflow for work you repeat the same way, such as client intake, because it runs the same fixed steps every time. Xegality AI suits one-off tasks: it plans its own steps and asks you to approve the plan before it starts.
Which automation whenCan a workflow take a different path for different matters?
Yes. Add a branch and the run follows a different path depending on a choice or a decision the AI makes, so a civil matter and a criminal matter need not go through the same steps.
What can a workflow start from, and where do the results go?
A run can start from documents you upload, files already in your Vault or text you type. At the end, the results can be saved to your Vault or downloaded as a file, such as a PDF.
How is a workflow different from Autopilot?
Autopilot is for a new matter's document bundle: it creates the case and a Vault folder and drafts the documents you pick. A workflow is a series of steps you set up once and run whenever the same kind of work comes in.
About AutopilotHow do I connect my WhatsApp to Xegality?
Message Xegality's WhatsApp Business number from the phone number on your Xegality account and type verify. Enter the one-time code it sends in the same chat and your number is linked; other numbers can't be linked. Type help to see what the assistant can do.
About the WhatsApp AssistantWhich reminders does Xegality send me on WhatsApp?
A reminder the day before each scheduled appointment, with the client, time and reason, and a reminder when a physical file you registered is overdue for return, naming the file and who has it.
Which designs can I choose for my website?
Five templates: Classic, Modern, Minimal, Elegant and Bold. Then pick a colour palette, a font and a button style. You can switch templates at any time and keep the content you have entered.
About the Website BuilderDo I need my own domain name for the website?
No. Your site can go live on a free xegality.com subdomain. If you have a domain, connect it from the Domain tab by adding the CNAME record shown there with your domain provider.
I added the CNAME record. Why isn't my domain working yet?
DNS changes can take up to 48 hours to spread. Check that the record at your domain provider matches the one shown in the Domain tab, then use Verify domain to check again.
Can I preview my website before it goes live?
Yes. The Preview tab shows the site as visitors will see it while you edit. Publish when you are ready, and unpublish it at any time to take it offline.
Where do I see enquiries from my website?
In the website's Analytics tab, once the site is published. It shows your page views and the messages visitors send through your contact form.
What can I put on my website besides my profile?
Sections for your services, credentials, team, a photo gallery, FAQs, blog posts, contact details including a WhatsApp number, and SEO settings. Fill in only the ones you need.
Law firms and teams
Seats, permissions and who controls what.
How does a law firm plan work?
It is billed per member. The firm owner buys seats for the whole team, every member gets every feature, and the owner can add members later.
Xegality for law firmsCan every member of my firm see everything?
No. The firm owner grants each member specific capabilities, such as viewing or editing cases, using AI or uploading to the Vault. The server enforces these permissions, not just the menu.
What stays with the firm owner?
Inviting and removing members, setting permissions, the firm profile, the website builder and billing.
Can I choose which members use Xegality AI?
Yes. Xegality AI is a separate permission, so the firm owner decides which members can run it.
What happens to our work when a member leaves?
Removing a member ends their access to the firm's workspace. Cases, drafts and files belong to the firm, so they stay with the firm.
How do I invite an associate to my firm?
As the owner, open Settings → Organization and enter their email address. They receive an email to create their Xegality account and join the firm, and you then choose what they can access.
About TeamCan I invite someone who already has a Xegality account?
No. Firm invitations can only go to people who don't have a Xegality account yet, because the invited person creates their account from the invitation email.
Does my own seat count, and does a pending invitation use one?
Yes to both. Each person on the team takes one seat, the owner included, and an invitation holds a seat while it is pending. When every seat is in use, add seats from Billing before you invite more people.
Law firm pricingWhat can a new member do before I set their permissions?
By default a new member can view the firm's cases, drafts, clients and Vault. Anything more, such as creating or editing cases, uploading files or using AI, stays off until you switch it on.
Which permissions can I give a member?
Viewing, creating, editing and deleting cases; viewing and adding clients; viewing, creating and editing drafts; viewing and uploading to the Vault; and access to AI, Xegality AI, Workflows, the Dataroom, Lens, Index, the Legal Library and File Tracking. Billing, the team and the website stay with the owner.
Can I change a member's permissions later?
Yes. The owner can switch any capability on or off for a member at any time from Settings → Organization. The server checks permissions on every request, so the change applies straight away.
Can I see the workspace exactly as a member sees it?
Yes. The firm owner can open the workspace as any member to check what they can see and what is on their plate. A banner shows whose workspace you are in, and Exit takes you back to your own.
Can I see how much work each member is carrying?
Yes. Member stats show each person's active cases, drafts by status, AI use this month and Vault files and storage, so you can rebalance work before it piles up.
Can I assign a case to a particular member?
Yes. Choose who a case is assigned to when you open it, and reassign it from the case list or the case page when plans change. Only members of your firm's workspace can be picked.
Can I delete my account while I own the firm?
Not while the firm still has other members. Transfer ownership or remove them first, as the Privacy Policy explains. Work that belongs to the firm stays with the firm.
Corporate legal teams
Xegality for a company's in-house legal team.
Can our company's in-house legal team use Xegality?
Yes. Choose Corporate when you sign up. It creates a company account for your legal team, and the free trial starts straight away, with no card needed.
Sign up as a companyWhat company details do we need to sign up as Corporate?
Your company's registered name, type of company, industry, size, city and state. Address, PIN code, year established, CIN or LLPIN, GSTIN, PAN and website are optional. Then you add your own details as account owner and confirm your mobile and email with one-time codes.
Who manages our company's Xegality account?
The person who signs up becomes the account owner. The owner manages the company's team and billing: inviting and removing members, choosing what each of them can access, and buying seats.
How is the Corporate plan billed?
Per member. The account owner buys a seat for each person on the legal team, their own included, and pays for the whole team. Company plans are priced before GST, which is added at checkout.
See Corporate pricingWhat does the Corporate plan include?
It is built for in-house counsel, covering contracts, matters and Xegality AI for your legal team. The Pricing page lists what each plan includes and its current limits.
Is there a minimum number of seats on the Corporate plan?
If a plan has a minimum, the Pricing page shows it next to the price, as from a set number of members. Minimums and prices can change, so check the Corporate tab on the Pricing page for the current terms.
Does each member of our legal team need their own login?
Yes. The account owner invites each colleague by email from Settings → Organization, and they create their own Xegality account from the invitation. Each person takes one seat on the company's plan.
Will our legal team be asked for an advocate's practice profile?
No. Independent lawyers fill in a practice profile, but a Corporate account uses the company details entered at sign-up as its profile, and colleagues who join by invitation can start work straight away.
Does a Corporate account include client invoicing and a website?
No. Client chat, client invoices, physical file tracking and the Website Builder are for lawyers and law firms who act for clients. A Corporate account is set up for a company's own legal work, so these are left out.
Can our legal team track the company's court cases?
Yes. Add a case's CNR to the matter's Court tab and Xegality follows it on eCourts, with alerts for new orders and hearing dates. This works for district court and High Court cases on the eCourts system.
For clients
Following your case and working with your lawyer.
Is Xegality free for clients?
Yes. Clients track their case, review what their lawyer shares, message them and use Xegality AI for free, for good.
Xegality for clientsWhat can I do in the client dashboard?
See each of your cases with its drafts, documents, invoices and deadlines, check what is pending from you, review and sign drafts, chat with your lawyer and keep your own files in a private vault with AI Explain.
How do I connect with my lawyer on Xegality?
Your lawyer adds you as a client. They enter your details and Xegality sends a one-time password to your phone; once you confirm it, your account is created and linked. If you already have an account, they can link you by your Xegality ID.
Can I work with more than one law firm?
Yes. Each firm you work with appears under Your legal teams, and you can switch between them from one account.
Do I pay my lawyer through Xegality?
No. You can view and download your lawyer's invoices in the dashboard, but you pay your lawyer directly, using the details on the invoice. Xegality does not collect or hold that money.
What is Xegality Plus?
A paid plan for clients, at ₹149 a month. It gives you more Xegality AI answers and storage every month. The free account stays free.
See client pricingCan I get help with business compliance?
Yes. From any client account you can apply for more than 40 services, such as GST registration and returns, company and LLP registration, Udyam, FSSAI and trademarks. Xegality's CA team reviews each application, contacts you and handles the work, and you can follow every step.
Can I create a client account before my lawyer adds me?
Yes. Sign up and choose Consumer, which is the free client account. When your lawyer manages your matter in Xegality, they can add you to it and the case appears in your dashboard.
Create a free accountMy lawyer doesn't use Xegality. Is a client account still useful?
Yes, though following a case, reviewing drafts and seeing invoices here needs your lawyer to run the matter in Xegality. Without that, you can still ask Xegality AI general legal questions, keep files in your private vault and apply for compliance services.
What is the “Pending from you” list?
It shows what your lawyer is waiting on from you, such as a draft to review or sign, fields to fill in or a document to upload. It sits next to the deadlines your lawyer sets, so you can see what to do and by when.
Where do I see the latest on my case?
On your client dashboard. Updates appear in one activity feed, the hearing dates and deadlines shown are the ones your lawyer sets, and each case has its own page with its drafts, documents and invoices.
See the client dashboardIs there a limit on how many cases I can follow for free?
No. The client dashboard is free for as many cases as your lawyers share with you. Your lawyer's fees are agreed directly between you and your lawyer.
What is the private vault in my client account?
Your own space for personal documents, kept apart from the files your lawyer shares with you. Upload a notice, an agreement or any other paper and use AI Explain to understand it in plain language.
How does AI Explain work?
Open a document in your private vault and AI Explain sets out what it is and what it means for you, in plain language. You can then ask about it, for example what a particular clause lets the other side do.
Can I rely on AI Explain instead of asking my lawyer?
No. AI Explain helps you understand a document, but its answer is general information, not legal advice, and it can be wrong. Check anything important with your lawyer before you act on it.
Can I send documents to my lawyer in the chat?
Yes. The chat with your lawyer works in real time and takes attachments, so your questions and the papers you send stay with the case instead of being scattered across your phone.
Are my messages with my lawyer confidential?
Your lawyer must keep your information confidential as part of their professional duty; Xegality does not create or guarantee legal privilege. Authorised Xegality staff may review a message if it is reported to us or if we need to investigate misuse.
Read our TermsWhat does “Explain this clause” do when I review a draft?
Select any clause in a draft your lawyer has shared and you get a plain-language explanation of what it means for you. The draft also opens with a short AI summary, and clauses flagged for risk are marked so you know where to read closely.
About client reviewHow do I see what changed in a new version of a draft?
When your lawyer sends a new version, the review screen shows exactly what changed since the last one, so you can check the changes without comparing the two documents yourself.
How do I ask my lawyer to change a draft?
Comment on the text or suggest a change in the review screen, then choose to request changes instead of approving. Your lawyer receives your suggestions and decides what goes into the next version.
Will my lawyer know when I've opened or signed a draft?
Yes. Your lawyer sees when you open the draft, suggest a change, fill in fields, approve and sign, as it happens. They can also set a deadline for your review, which you see on your dashboard.
My lawyer's invoice looks wrong. Can Xegality correct it or refund me?
Please raise it with your lawyer. Invoices come from your lawyer and are paid to them directly; Xegality does not collect or hold that money, so corrections and refunds are between you and your lawyer.
Read the Refund PolicyCan I ask Xegality AI about my own legal problem?
Yes. Ask in English, Hindi or Hinglish and you get an answer with citations to the sources behind it. It is general information rather than advice on your matter, so speak to an advocate before you act on it.
How many Xegality AI questions do I get on a free client account?
The free account includes a set number of Xegality AI questions every month, shown on the Clients tab of the Pricing page. If you need more, Xegality Plus raises the monthly allowance.
See client pricingDo I need Xegality Plus to work with my lawyer?
No. Following your cases, reviewing and signing drafts, messaging your lawyer and asking Xegality AI are all part of the free account. Xegality Plus is for people who want more AI answers, documents explained and cases tracked each month.
Does Xegality Plus give me a lawyer or legal advice?
No. Xegality Plus raises what you can do with Xegality's software. It does not include a lawyer's services or legal advice, and any lawyer you engage agrees their fees with you directly.
Can I find a lawyer on Xegality?
Yes. From your free client account you can look up lawyers in the directory and message them. The directory lists only lawyers who chose to be listed, and the details in each profile are entered by the lawyer.
Does Xegality vet the lawyers in the directory?
No. Xegality does not verify, vet or endorse any lawyer, so make your own checks before you engage one. Whether you hire a lawyer, the advice they give and their fees are between you and them; Xegality is not a party to that engagement.
Chartered accountants and compliance
Compliance services from Xegality's CA team, and Xegality for CA practices.
What is Consult a CA?
It is how you apply for Indian business-compliance services, such as GST, company and LLP work, licences and trademarks, from your free client dashboard. Xegality's CA team works on each application, and you can follow it until it is done.
Consult a CAI'm starting a business. Which registrations can I apply for?
You can apply to register a private limited company, one person company, LLP, partnership firm or producer company, and for GST, Udyam, MSME, FSSAI, Shop and Establishment and professional tax registration, an Import Export Code or a digital signature certificate.
Can the CA team handle changes to an existing company or LLP?
Yes. The catalogue covers appointing or removing a director, a change of address, increasing authorised capital, converting a private company to a public one, changes to an LLP agreement, adding a designated partner, LLP annual filings and closing an LLP.
Does Consult a CA cover anything beyond tax and registrations?
Yes. The catalogue also lists trademark search, registration and renewal, collaboration and royalty agreements, due diligence for fundraising, NGO and IRDAI registration, and ISO certification.
How compliance services workHow do I apply for a compliance service?
Sign in to your free client account, open Applications, choose the service, add a phone number and a note about what you need, and submit. Your name comes from your account, and the CA team contacts you for anything else it needs.
What do the statuses on my application mean?
Pending review means the CA team hasn't picked it up yet, In progress means work has started, Action required means the team is waiting on you, and Completed means the work is done.
Can I see who is working on my application?
Yes. Each application shows the CA it is assigned to, its current status and a timeline with the date each step was completed, so you don't have to chase an update by phone.
Does Xegality have software for chartered accountants?
Yes. Chartered accountants and CA firms get a CA workspace for GST returns, ITC reconciliation with GSTR-2B, TDS, income tax, notices, books and audit. AI prepares the working, and a member of your practice reviews and approves it.
See pricingWill Xegality file my clients' returns on the GST or income-tax portal?
No. Xegality is not a GSP or ERI. It prepares the working, a summary for the client and, where the portal accepts one, an upload file; you file on the portal yourself and record the ARN in Xegality.
Does the CA workspace work with Tally?
Yes. The Tally connector is a small Windows program for the PC that runs TallyPrime. It syncs the companies you map and sends back only the postings you have approved, and you can also upload Tally exports by hand.
Does the AI decide GST rates and due dates?
No. Rates, thresholds and due dates come from cited rule packs, not from the AI. Every AI feature can be switched off in Settings → AI, and the tools that do arithmetic, matching and deadlines keep working without it.
Is there a free trial for CA practices?
Yes. A chartered accountant or CA firm that signs up gets a free trial of every CA tool, with no card needed. Plans and current prices for CAs and CA firms are on the Pricing page.
See pricingMy CA has added me to Xegality. What is My CA?
My CA is the part of the free client dashboard where you follow your chartered accountant's work: document requests, items to review, filed returns, invoices and notices. Your CA can connect your account by your Xegality ID, mobile number or email (or create a free account for you, which you sign in to with a one-time code), or send you an invitation to accept. You're told when they connect you, it costs you nothing, and you can disconnect any time from My CA.
How do I approve a return my CA sends me?
Open it under My CA and approve it with your typed name and a code emailed to you. Once your CA has filed it, you can see the return with its ARN and acknowledgement.
How do I pay my CA's invoice?
Use the Pay by UPI link on the invoice under My CA. It pays your CA's own UPI ID, so the money goes to your CA directly, not to Xegality.
For students
Research, practice and mentors for law students.
What do law students get?
Xegality AI with citations, the judgment Dataroom with India, USA and EDGAR tabs, AI help for your studies and your own student profile. Student Pro adds more AI and storage, plus sessions with mentors.
Xegality for studentsHow much does Xegality cost for students?
Student plans start at ₹199 a month, with cheaper yearly plans and a 7-day free trial.
See student pricingCan I book a session with a mentor?
Yes. Students can book paid one-to-one sessions with mentors. You get a full refund automatically if the mentor declines or cancels, or if you cancel more than 24 hours before the session.
Can my college get Xegality for all its students?
Yes. With a college licence, every student gets Student Pro, paid by the college, together with the campus ERP, a verified campus and placements.
Book a demoHow do I sign up as a law student?
Choose Law student when you create your Xegality account. Your free trial starts straight away with no card needed, and when it ends you pick a student plan to keep going.
Create a student accountWhat is the difference between Student Basic and Student Pro?
Student Basic covers research, case studies and AI help for your studies. Student Pro adds more AI and storage, plus mentors. The Pricing page shows each plan's current price and allowances.
See student pricingWhat is Exam Prep?
Exam Prep is the revision section of the student dashboard. It has practice questions, mock tests and a daily quiz.
What is the difference between Research and Xegality AI?
Research, the student version of the Dataroom, is for searching and reading judgments yourself. Xegality AI searches the same kinds of sources for you and writes an answer with citations you can open.
About the DataroomCan I search judgments for a moot or project?
Yes. Research in the student dashboard searches Supreme Court and High Court judgments with a court filter. Read a judgment in full in the reader, then export it to PDF or Word for your project.
Can I check live case status as a student?
Yes. Research lets you look up a case's current status, orders and next hearing date from court records, the same way lawyers do in the Dataroom.
Can I research US law and US companies?
Yes. The USA tab in Research searches US federal and state court opinions from CourtListener, and the EDGAR tab finds US-listed companies and their SEC filings, with an AI summary of a filing.
Can Xegality AI help me understand a topic before class?
Yes. Ask about a concept, such as the basic structure doctrine, in English, Hindi or Hinglish. The answer cites the judgments behind it, so you can go straight to the cases.
Can I go back to my earlier Xegality AI chats?
Yes. Your chats are saved in your session history, and you can pin the ones you return to often so they are easy to find.
Is there an IPC to BNS converter in the student dashboard?
Yes. The IPC → BNS converter in the student dashboard shows where an IPC section went in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and back. Converters for IPC to BNS, CrPC to BNSS and the Evidence Act to BSA are also free for anyone on our Tools page.
Free legal toolsWho are the mentors?
Mentors are lawyers who offer one-to-one sessions to law students through Xegality. Mentors come with Student Pro, and you book a session from the Mentors page of your student dashboard.
How do I pay for a mentor session?
You pay online through Razorpay when you book a paid session. The slot you chose is held for 15 minutes while you complete the payment.
What if the mentor doesn't confirm my session in time?
You get a full refund automatically if the mentor hasn't confirmed your request by the session's start time. The money goes back to the payment method you used, usually within 5–7 working days.
Will I get my money back if I cancel a mentor session at the last minute?
No. If you cancel 24 hours or less before the session starts, or don't attend, the fee is not refunded. The booking screen tells you whether cancelling would be refunded before you confirm.
Read the Refund PolicyWhat if my mentor slot is gone by the time my payment goes through?
You get a full refund automatically if the slot was no longer available when your payment went through. The money goes back to the payment method you used.
A mentor session didn't take place. What should I do?
Write to [email protected] from the email address on your Xegality account, with the date of the session and the payment details, and we will look into it.
Can I use Xegality if I'm under 18?
Only with the consent of a parent or guardian. Xegality is meant for adults, and when you sign up you confirm that you are 18 or older or that your parent or guardian has agreed.
Colleges and campus
Licences for law colleges, fees through the campus ERP and student records.
Can we buy a college licence on the Pricing page?
No. College licences are arranged with our team rather than bought online. Book a demo and we will walk you through Student Pro for your students, the campus ERP, the verified campus and placements, and talk through a licence for your college.
Book a demoCan fees be paid to our college through Xegality?
Yes. Fees paid through a college's Xegality ERP pages go straight to the college's own account, not to Xegality.
Who handles refunds of college fees paid on Xegality?
The college. Because those fees go to the college's own account, the college decides its refunds, and Xegality's Refund Policy does not cover them.
Read the Refund PolicyWho is responsible for the student records our college enters?
The college. Content a college puts into Xegality, such as students' and guardians' contact details, attendance, fees and results, is processed on the college's behalf and under its instructions.
Does Xegality use our students' records for anything else?
No. Student and guardian records a college enters are used only for that college's work with its students, and Xegality does not show targeted advertising to anyone.
Read the Privacy PolicyCan guardians and college staff have access too?
Yes. A college can give access to its students, their guardians and its staff. What the college puts into Xegality is processed on its behalf, and anyone with access can contact the college or us about it.
Is Google Analytics used in the student, parent and college areas?
No. Google Analytics never runs in the student, parent or college areas, and Xegality doesn't count visits from student, parent or college accounts.
What happens to our records if a student deletes their Xegality account?
Records the college keeps about its students stay with the college. Deleting a student's own account does not remove them from the college's records.
Do you guarantee placements for our students?
No. Placements is one of the tools that come with a college licence, but Xegality does not promise jobs, interviews or offers to any student.
I'm a parent. What if my child is using Xegality without my consent?
Write to [email protected]. Xegality is meant for adults and needs a parent's or guardian's consent for anyone under 18, so we will help you review or delete your child's data.
Pricing, trial and billing
Plans, the free trial, GST, cancellations and refunds.
How much does Xegality cost?
Independent lawyers from ₹999 a month; law firms ₹2,100 per member a month plus GST; companies ₹3,499 per member a month plus GST; chartered accountants ₹1,499 a month; law students from ₹199 a month. Clients use Xegality free. Paying for 6 or 12 months up front costs less per month, and the Pricing page always shows the current prices.
See pricingHow does the free trial work?
Every lawyer, law firm, company and student account gets 7 days of every feature from sign-up, with no card. When it ends, pick a plan to keep going; your matters, drafts and files stay where they are.
Do prices include GST?
Plans billed per member, for law firms, companies and CA firms, are priced before GST, and 18% GST is added at checkout. Every other price includes GST.
Can I pay for 6 or 12 months?
Yes. Choose the period on the Pricing page. Longer periods cost less per month than paying monthly and are paid once up front.
Will my plan renew automatically?
No. Each plan is a single prepaid payment for the period you choose. We don't store your card or set up automatic charges, so when the period ends the plan ends unless you buy it again.
How do I cancel my plan?
Cancel at any time from the Billing page. Your plan stays active, with all its features, until the end of the period you paid for.
Can I get a refund?
Because each period is paid in advance, the unused part of a period is not refunded when you cancel. We refund in full if you were charged twice or the wrong amount, or if a payment went through but your plan couldn't be activated. Refunds go back to the payment method you used, usually within 5–7 working days.
Read the Refund PolicyCan I change my plan?
Yes. A new plan starts straight away, and the value of the unused days of your current plan is taken off its price; you see the credit before you pay. If you buy the same plan again early, the new period starts when the current one ends.
Which payment methods can I use?
UPI, cards, net banking and wallets through Razorpay. Prices are in Indian rupees.
What if I need more AI requests or storage?
Add a storage pack to any live plan from the Billing page, or build a Custom plan with the modules, AI pack and storage you need.
Do you have plans for large firms, companies or colleges?
Yes. For many members, onboarding help or billing by invoice, talk to our sales team. Colleges can give Student Pro to every student, paid by the college, with the campus ERP, a verified campus and placements.
Talk to salesWhat happens when my paid plan ends?
It ends on its end date unless you buy it again, because plans never renew automatically. Its features are then paused, but your data stays as it is; choose a plan again to keep using every feature.
Will you remind me before my trial or plan ends?
Yes. Xegality notifies you shortly before your free trial or plan ends, and again once it has ended. Nothing renews automatically, so choose a plan yourself if you want to keep going.
Do I need to cancel the free trial to avoid being charged?
No. The free trial needs no payment and no card, so nothing can be charged when it ends. Choose a plan if you want to keep going; otherwise there is nothing to cancel.
Can I add more seats in the middle of my plan?
Yes. The owner of a law firm or company plan can add seats at any time. Extra seats are priced only for the rest of the plan's current period, and they end with that period.
How long does a storage pack last?
Until the end of your plan's current period. A storage pack is added to the plan you are on, priced only for the rest of that period, and ends with it, so add one again with your next plan if you still need the space.
What is a Custom plan?
A plan you put together yourself, so you pay only for the tools you use. In the app you pick the modules, an AI pack and the storage you need, for yourself or for each member of your firm. The Refund Policy covers Custom plans like any other plan.
See pricingWill I get a receipt for my plan payment?
Yes. Every plan, seat or storage pack payment is listed in your payment history on the Billing page (Plan & billing for client accounts), with a Receipt button that downloads a PDF showing the GST. The receipt also carries the Razorpay payment ID.
Can I switch to a plan that costs less than what is left on my current one?
Not straight away. If the unused value of your current plan is more than the new plan costs, you can switch when your current plan ends, or choose a longer plan instead.
My bank or UPI app shows the payment as pending. What happens now?
Your plan switches on by itself as soon as the payment is confirmed, so there is no need to pay again. If the payment is never completed, any amount blocked or debited is returned to you by your bank.
Money was debited but the payment failed. Will I get it back?
Yes. A failed payment never reaches Xegality, and your bank or payment provider reverses it automatically within the Reserve Bank of India's timelines for failed transactions, usually within a few working days. If it hasn't come back by then, contact your bank with the transaction reference and write to us so we can help.
How do I ask for a refund?
Email [email protected] from the email address on your account. Include your name, the date and amount of the payment, the Razorpay payment ID (it starts with pay_) or order ID if you have it, and what went wrong. We aim to reply within 2 working days.
How to ask for a refundDo I need to ask for a refund if my purchase couldn't be activated?
No. If your payment goes through but the plan, seats or storage you paid for can't be activated, for example because your plan changed while you were paying, we refund it in full automatically.
Are any fees deducted from a refund?
No. Refunds are always for the full amount paid and go back to the payment method you used, through Razorpay. Once issued, a refund usually reaches your account in 5–7 working days, depending on your bank.
Does the Refund Policy cover my lawyer's invoices or college fees?
No. You pay your lawyer directly, so refunds of their fees are between you and the lawyer. Fees paid through a college's or institution's Xegality ERP pages go to its own account, and the institution decides its refunds.
What the Refund Policy coversCan Xegality change its prices?
Yes, with reasonable notice, as the End-User License Agreement allows. The Pricing page and checkout always show the current prices, and because plans are prepaid and never renew automatically, you are never charged again without choosing to pay.
Security and privacy
Where your data lives and who can see it.
Where is my data stored?
Documents you upload are stored in a private Amazon S3 bucket in AWS's Mumbai region, and our servers run in Mumbai. The account database, with profiles, cases and chats, is hosted on AWS in Singapore. When you use an AI feature, the text for that request goes to the AI provider. The Privacy Policy lists every provider.
Security at XegalityDoes the AI see my clients' names?
Only if you let it. Turn on “Anonymise data before AI processing” in Settings → Privacy, and client and company names, phone numbers, emails, Aadhaar, PAN, card numbers and IP addresses are swapped for placeholders before a request goes to the AI, then put back in the answer.
How are passwords and sign-ins protected?
Passwords are hashed with bcrypt, so nobody at Xegality can read them. Sign-in tokens live in secure, HttpOnly cookies, and repeated failed sign-ins from one IP address trigger a 24-hour block.
Is Xegality SOC 2 or ISO 27001 certified?
Not at present, and we won't suggest otherwise. The Security page describes the controls in the product today. Send your security questionnaire to [email protected] and we'll answer it.
How do I delete my account?
Go to Settings or Profile → Delete account, in the app or on the web, and confirm. You are signed out everywhere straight away, and your account and its data are erased permanently after 30 days. Work that belongs to a law firm or company you are a member of stays with it.
Read the Privacy PolicyHow do I report a security issue?
Email [email protected] with “Security report” in the subject line. The Security page explains what to include.
Report a vulnerabilityCan people outside my firm see our cases or files?
No. Each firm is its own workspace: its cases, drafts, Vault files, indexes and Lens trackers belong to it, and membership is checked on every request. Inside the firm, members see only what the owner allows them to.
Security at XegalityDo team invitation links expire?
Yes. Team invitation links expire and work only once, so a link can't be used again after someone has joined with it. If an invitation has expired, the firm owner can send a new one.
Is it safe to pay for my plan online?
Payments go through Razorpay's checkout, so you enter your card and UPI details with Razorpay, not with Xegality. We keep the payment reference, not your card details, and we never set up automatic charges.
Is my data encrypted?
Data travels over encrypted connections (HTTPS/TLS). Passwords are stored only as bcrypt hashes and sign-in codes only as keyed hashes, and connected-app tokens and mentor payout details are encrypted at rest (AES-256-GCM). Inside firms, per-member permissions are checked by the server on every request.
What happens if there is a data breach?
If a breach affects your data, we will tell you and the authorities as the law requires. No system is perfectly secure, so the Security page sets out exactly which controls are in place today.
How are my Google Drive and Google Calendar connections protected?
Both connect through Google's own consent screen, and Drive import asks for read-only access. Google tokens are encrypted at rest on our servers, the refresh token never leaves them, and disconnecting deletes the stored tokens. You can also revoke access from your Google account's permissions page.
Google user dataWhat does Xegality do with my Google Calendar?
For lawyers who connect it, Xegality creates, updates and deletes the events for appointments booked in Xegality on your primary calendar, and reads your events so you can see your schedule beside your appointments. It never changes or deletes events it did not create, and calendar data is not sent to any AI service.
Why am I blocked from signing in after a few wrong attempts?
Repeated failed password or OTP sign-ins from one IP address trigger a 24-hour block. Wait for it to end before trying again, and use Forgot password if you are unsure of your password. If you still can't get in, email [email protected] from your registered email.
I think someone else knows my password. What should I do?
Change your password in Settings straight away: every other device is then signed out, and any AI assistant you connected, such as Claude or ChatGPT, is disconnected. Then email [email protected] from your registered email to tell us about the unauthorised use.
Does using Xegality create or protect legal privilege?
No. Xegality does not create or guarantee privilege. Confidentiality and legal professional privilege between you and your lawyer are part of the lawyer's professional duties, as our Terms explain.
Read the TermsYour data and privacy rights
What we collect, who sees it, how long we keep it and your choices.
What personal data does Xegality collect?
What you give us, such as your name, email, mobile number, profile and work details, the cases, documents, chats and drafts you add, and the plans you buy. We also keep sign-in and security records and activity logs, and we count your visits only if you turn on Usage analytics.
Read the Privacy PolicyWhich AI providers receive my data, and can they train on it?
Google (Gemini, and Cloud Vision to read text in scanned documents) and Anthropic (Claude). The text needed for a request is sent only when you use an AI feature, only for that request, and under terms that do not allow the provider to train its models on it.
Does my data leave India?
Some of it does. Uploaded files and our servers are in Mumbai, but the account database is in Singapore, and AI requests are processed mainly in the United States. Indian law allows these transfers, our providers are bound by contract to protect the data, and we will stop transfers to any country the Government of India restricts.
How long does Xegality keep my data?
Your account and its content are kept while the account is open and erased 30 days after you delete it. Detailed activity logs and website page-view logs are kept for 90 days, AI usage records for 13 months, contact-form enquiries for 2 years, and tax and payment records for as long as the law requires.
How long we keep dataWhat stays after I delete my account?
Work that belongs to a law firm or company you are a member of stays with it, and records a college keeps about its students stay with the college. Records the law requires us to keep, such as tax and payment records, are kept for that period, and copies in our providers' backups are replaced on their normal cycle.
Can I delete my account if I sign in without a password?
Yes. You normally confirm the deletion with your password; if you sign in without one, we email you a code instead. You can also ask us to delete your account by writing to [email protected].
What rights do I have over my personal data?
You can ask for a summary of the data we hold and who we shared it with, correct it, have it erased, withdraw consent, nominate someone to act for you if you die or cannot act, and complain to our Grievance Officer. Write to [email protected] from your account's email address; we may ask you to confirm it is you.
Your rightsHow do I raise a privacy complaint?
Write to our Grievance Officer at [email protected]. We acknowledge complaints within 24 hours and resolve them within 15 days, and if you are not satisfied with our answer, you can complain to the Data Protection Board of India.
Can someone under 18 use Xegality?
Only with a parent's or guardian's consent: Xegality is meant for adults, and sign-up asks you to confirm you are 18 or older or have that consent. A parent who believes their child is using Xegality without consent can write to [email protected], and we will help review or delete the child's data.
Will Xegality send me marketing emails?
Only if you turn them on in Settings → Privacy; they are off until you do. Every marketing email has a one-click unsubscribe link. Service messages, such as sign-in codes, receipts and security notices, are always sent.
What happens if I turn off data processing in Settings?
Your account stops working until you turn it back on, but nothing is deleted; to erase your data, delete your account instead. You can also turn off just AI analysis, document storage or third-party integrations, and only the features that need them stop working.
What can Claude or ChatGPT see once I connect them to Xegality?
Whenever you ask, a connected assistant can read and add to the Xegality data your own account can reach, such as cases, clients, hearings, drafts and Vault files, and its provider handles that data under your agreement with them. We record which tool was used and when, not your conversation, and you can disconnect it in Settings → Connected apps.
Apps and integrations
Mobile apps and the tools Xegality connects to.
Is there a mobile app?
Yes. Xegality is on Google Play for Android, and the iPhone app is coming soon to the App Store. Your cases, drafts and files are the same on the web and in the app.
Get it on Google PlayDoes Xegality work with Claude?
Yes. Add the Xegality connector to Claude and ask about your cases, hearings, drafts and Vault files, or search Indian case law, right in the chat. It works in Claude on the web, desktop and mobile, and in Claude Code.
Xegality in ClaudeDoes Xegality work with ChatGPT?
Yes. Connect Xegality to ChatGPT to look up your cases and clients, see what is listed this week, check court status by CNR, search your Vault and Indian judgments, and save a draft ChatGPT writes into Draft Studio.
Xegality in ChatGPTWhich Microsoft tools does Xegality connect to?
Word and Outlook through add-ins, plus OneDrive, SharePoint and Microsoft Teams.
Can I connect Google Drive and Google Calendar?
Yes. Import files from Google Drive through Google's own file picker; Xegality only sees the files you pick and never changes your Drive. Connect Google Calendar to see your appointments next to your schedule.
Where can I see every integration?
The Integrations page lists the tools Xegality connects to today and the ones on our roadmap.
See integrationsHow do I add Xegality to Claude?
In Claude, open Customize → Connectors, choose Add custom connector, name it Xegality and paste the connector URL from our Claude page. Sign in to Xegality when the page opens and click Allow. You need a Claude plan that lets you add custom connectors.
Set up Xegality in ClaudeCan everyone in my firm use the Claude connector on Claude Team or Enterprise?
Yes. An Owner adds the connector once in Organization settings → Connectors. Each member then connects their own Xegality account and sees only their own work.
How do I connect Xegality to Claude Code?
Add the server with the claude mcp add command shown on our Claude page, then type /mcp in Claude Code, pick xegality and choose Authenticate. Sign in to Xegality in your browser, click Allow and go back to the terminal.
Can I use the Xegality connector in the Claude app on my phone?
Yes. Add and connect Xegality in Claude on the web or Claude Desktop first. Then open the Claude app on iPhone or Android with the same Claude account, and Xegality is already in the tools menu.
How do I add Xegality to ChatGPT?
In ChatGPT, add a custom MCP server named Xegality with the connector URL from our ChatGPT page and choose OAuth. Sign in to Xegality and click Allow, then type @ in a chat and pick Xegality. On Business and Enterprise plans, your workspace admin decides whether custom MCP servers are allowed.
Set up Xegality in ChatGPTWhat can Claude or ChatGPT see in my Xegality account?
Only what your own Xegality account can see, with your firm's permissions and your plan's limits. Lawyers and firms get the full set of tools; clients and students get the parts that apply to them.
Does Xegality see my Claude or ChatGPT conversations?
No. Xegality records which tool was used and when, not your conversation. What the assistant reads from Xegality, such as case details or document text, becomes part of that chat and is handled under your own agreement with its provider, so share client material in line with your duty of confidentiality.
How do I disconnect Claude or ChatGPT from Xegality?
Open Settings → Connected apps and choose Disconnect. It stops working with your account straight away. Changing your Xegality password also disconnects every connected assistant.
Claude or ChatGPT says my Xegality plan has ended. What do I do?
Renew your plan on the Pricing page and the Xegality tools work again in the chat. If something else fails, check that the connector URL is exactly the one on our integration page, then connect again.
See pricingCan I use Xegality AI in Microsoft Teams?
Yes. Chat one to one with the Xegality bot in Teams and it answers with your own Xegality AI. Link your account once with a code from Integrations; if your organisation hasn't added the app to Teams yet, your Teams admin adds it first.
What does Xegality add to my Google Calendar?
Your appointments, the next hearing dates of cases you track, and task deadlines, kept up to date. Changes flow one way, from Xegality, and it never changes or deletes events it did not create. Calendar data is not sent to any AI service.
About AppointmentsIf I disconnect Google Drive or Google Calendar, what happens to what's already there?
Disconnecting deletes the stored Google tokens. Files you already imported stay in your Vault until you delete them, and events already added to your Google Calendar stay there unless you delete them.
Do my clients get the WhatsApp appointment reminders?
No, you do. The reminder goes to the WhatsApp number linked to your Xegality account the day before the appointment, with the client, time and reason.
Which AI model is behind Xegality AI?
Google Gemini by default, with web grounding when a question needs current information from the internet. Lawyers, law firm members and CAs can choose another model, such as Anthropic Claude, from the model picker. The Privacy Policy lists every AI provider Xegality uses.
Does Xegality connect to Westlaw, LexisNexis or Manupatra?
Not today. Xegality's research sources are Indian case law, live court records, CourtListener and SEC EDGAR. If your practice relies on another source or tool, tell us at [email protected].
Contact usAccount and support
Signing in, getting help and reaching us.
How do I contact support?
Email [email protected], call +91 95093 67378, or open Help & support from your dashboard. Include your registered email, and a screenshot if something looks wrong.
Contact usI forgot my password. What do I do?
Choose Forgot password on the sign-in page. You get a one-time code by SMS or email and can set a new password.
Reset your passwordWhy do I get a one-time code when I sign up?
Sign-ups are confirmed with a one-time password (OTP), so we know the email and phone number on the account are really yours and your reminders reach you.
Can I sign in with Google?
Yes. You can sign in with your Google account; Xegality relies on Google's own account checks.
Is Xegality hiring?
See the open roles on our Careers page. We welcome interns and fresh graduates who care about AI, law and technology.
CareersHow do I change my email address or mobile number?
From Settings. Xegality sends a code to the new email or number and another to the contact on your account now, and you need both to confirm the change. Afterwards your other devices are signed out and your old contact is told about the change.
How do I change or set my password?
From Settings: ask for a code by email, enter it and choose a new password. The device you are using stays signed in and every other one is signed out. If you can't sign in at all, use Forgot password on the sign-in page.
Can I sign in with an OTP instead of a password?
Yes. Enter your mobile number or email on the sign-in page, then choose Login with OTP instead and enter the one-time code we send you. If the code expires before you use it, choose Resend OTP.
Can I choose which notifications I get?
Yes. In your notification settings you choose, for each kind of update, whether it also reaches you by push notification or email, and you can set quiet hours. Everything still appears in the notification bell inside Xegality.
How do I report a bug?
Send a request from Help & support in your dashboard, or email [email protected]. Tell us the page you were on, what you did and what went wrong, and add a screenshot and your registered email so we can find your account quickly.
Where can I see the replies to my support request?
In Help & support in your dashboard. Requests you send from there are listed under My tickets, together with our team's replies.
Which email should I use for sales and which for support?
Write to [email protected] about demos, plans for your firm, partnerships and press, and to [email protected] for help with your account, billing or something that isn't working. You can also use the form on our Contact page without signing in.
Contact usWho owns the documents I upload to Xegality?
You do. You keep ownership of the content you upload or create, and you allow Xegality to host, store and process it only as needed to provide the service to you. Judgments and other material from third-party sources remain subject to those sources' terms.
Read the TermsCan Xegality suspend or close my account?
Yes, if the account breaches the Terms, puts other users or the platform at risk, or where the law requires it. You can also stop using Xegality and delete your account at any time.
Does Xegality verify or recommend lawyers?
No. Lawyers on Xegality are independent professionals, and Xegality does not verify, vet, rate, rank, recommend or endorse any of them; each lawyer enters the details in their own profile. Whether you engage a lawyer, and their advice and fees, are between you and that lawyer.
What is the EULA, and does it apply to the Word add-in?
The End-User License Agreement is the licence for Xegality's software, including the web app, mobile apps, APIs and the Microsoft Word add-in. If you install the add-in through Microsoft's store, Microsoft's own terms apply as well, and Microsoft is not a party to the EULA.
Read the EULAWill I be told when the Terms change?
Yes, for material changes: we tell you by email or in the app before they take effect, and the date at the top of the Terms shows when they last changed. If you keep using Xegality after that, the updated Terms apply.
Legal formats and documents
Common Indian legal documents in brief. General information, not legal advice.
What is a legal notice?
A written letter, usually sent by an advocate, that tells the other side what they owe or must do and what you will do if they don't. It puts them on record before you file a suit or start other proceedings.
Legal notice formatHow many days should a legal notice give the other side?
For recovery of money, 15 days from receipt is common, with clear details of how to pay. Where a law fixes the period itself, as for a cheque-bounce notice or a notice to the Government, follow that law.
What is the time limit for a cheque bounce notice?
Under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, the notice must be sent within 30 days of receiving the bank's return memo, and it gives the drawer 15 days to pay. Use a Section 138 notice, not a general recovery format.
Do I need to send a notice before suing the Government?
Generally, yes. Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 requires two months' written notice before a suit against the Government or a public officer for acts in their official capacity. A suit for urgent relief can be filed without it only with the court's leave.
What details must a money recovery notice contain?
The noticee's correct name and address, the exact amount in figures and words, the invoice or agreement it arises from, the key dates and reminders, a demand with a time limit and payment details, what happens if it is ignored, and the advocate's signature and enrolment number.
How do I prove a legal notice was delivered?
Send it by Registered Post A.D. or Speed Post to the correct address, and keep the postal receipt, the tracking report and the returned A.D. card. A copy by email or WhatsApp adds to the record.
Does sending a legal notice extend the limitation period?
No. A notice does not stop limitation running. Under the Limitation Act, 1963, a claim for money is generally time-barred three years after it fell due, so keep that date in view when you send the notice.
Can a legal notice threaten criminal action?
Not where the dispute is purely civil. Threatening criminal proceedings over a civil money claim is a common mistake, and so is overstating the amount, because the notice will later be read alongside your plaint.
Is mediation required before filing a commercial suit?
Usually, yes. Under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, a commercial suit that does not seek urgent interim relief can be filed only after pre-institution mediation. A legal notice does not replace that step.
What is a vakalatnama?
The written authority a party gives an advocate to appear, plead and act for them in a case. In civil cases, Order III Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure requires the appointment to be in writing and filed in court.
Vakalatnama formatWhat powers does a vakalatnama give an advocate?
Typically the power to sign, verify and file pleadings and applications, file and take back documents, obtain certified copies and engage another advocate when needed. The exact wording depends on the form your court or bar association uses.
Can I limit what my advocate may do under a vakalatnama?
Yes. Strike out powers you don't want to give, such as receiving money on your behalf, and make compromise, withdrawal or reference to arbitration subject to your written consent.
Can a company sign a vakalatnama?
Yes, through an authorised officer. The signatory gives their designation and signs on the strength of a board resolution or authority letter. Firms and societies sign the same way, through an authorised person.
What are common mistakes in a vakalatnama?
Leaving out the Advocate Welfare Fund stamp, which can get it returned by the registry; filing a new one without the earlier advocate's no-objection or the court's leave; and giving powers, such as to compromise or withdraw money, that the client did not intend.
Can I use the same vakalatnama format in every court?
No. Many courts and bar associations sell a printed vakalatnama with the welfare stamp attached, and higher courts often prescribe their own format. Use that form where it exists and treat a sample as a guide to its contents.
What is an affidavit?
A written statement of facts that the deponent swears or affirms to be true before an authorised officer, such as a Notary Public, an Oath Commissioner or a Magistrate. Courts, government offices, banks and universities ask for them.
Affidavit formatWhat should an affidavit contain?
The deponent's full name, parentage, age, occupation and address as on their ID; short numbered paragraphs with one fact each; the purpose; a verification clause; the deponent's signature on each page; and attestation with seal and date.
Is it an offence to make a false statement in an affidavit?
Yes. It can be prosecuted as false evidence under Sections 227 and 229 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which replaced Sections 191 and 193 of the IPC. State only what you know or believe to be true.
Should an affidavit include arguments?
No. An affidavit states facts. Opinions, arguments and legal conclusions do not belong in it, and the verification clause should match the paragraphs it covers.
Can I reuse an old affidavit for a new purpose?
Usually not. An affidavit states the purpose it is made for, and many authorities want a recent one. Make a fresh affidavit for the new purpose.
When should the deponent sign an affidavit?
In front of the Notary, Oath Commissioner or Magistrate, after they have identified the deponent. Signing beforehand is a common mistake. The deponent signs every page and at the end.
Can I use Xegality's sample formats exactly as written?
No. They are general formats for information, not legal advice. Adapt each one to your facts, your court and your State's rules, and have an advocate check it before you use it.
Legal formatsCan Xegality draft a legal notice or affidavit for my facts?
Yes. Describe the facts in English, Hindi or Hinglish and Xegality AI drafts the document, ready to edit, check for risks and citations, and share with your client for approval.
AI draftingIPC to BNS
Where commonly cited IPC sections now sit in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.
When did the BNS come into force?
On 1 July 2024. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860. For proceedings pending, or acts done, before that date, see the repeal and savings clause in BNS Section 358.
Free IPC to BNS converterHow many sections does the BNS have?
The BNS has 358 sections; the IPC had 511. Sections were renumbered, and many were merged or split into sub-sections, so the old numbers no longer line up.
Where does this IPC to BNS mapping come from?
From the Correspondence Table and Comparison Summary of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), published by the Central Academy for Police Training (CAPT), Bhopal. Check the bare Act before you cite a section in court.
See the full tableWhat is IPC Section 34 in the BNS?
IPC Section 34 corresponds to BNS Section 3(5) (Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. No other change.
BNS Section 3 explainedWhat is IPC Section 120B in the BNS?
IPC Section 120B corresponds to BNS Section 61(2) (Criminal conspiracy punishment) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 61 explainedWhat is IPC Section 147 in the BNS?
IPC Section 147 corresponds to BNS Section 191(2) (Punishment for rioting) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 191 explainedWhat is IPC Section 149 in the BNS?
IPC Section 149 corresponds to BNS Section 190 (Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 190 explainedWhat is IPC Section 279 in the BNS?
IPC Section 279 corresponds to BNS Section 281 (Rash driving or riding on a public way) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 281 explainedWhat is IPC Section 294 in the BNS?
IPC Section 294 corresponds to BNS Section 296 (Obscene acts and songs) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Fine is defined as up to one thousand rupees.
BNS Section 296 explainedWhat is IPC Section 302 in the BNS?
IPC Section 302 corresponds to BNS Section 103(1) (Punishment for murder) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: No Change, except IPC section is included as subsection in BNS.
BNS Section 103 explainedWhat is IPC Section 304A in the BNS?
IPC Section 304A corresponds to BNS Section 106(1) (Causing death by negligence) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. Imprisonment is increased and offence by registered medical practitioner and its explanation are added.
BNS Section 106 explainedWhat is IPC Section 304B in the BNS?
IPC Section 304B corresponds to BNS Section 80 (Dowry death) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 80 explainedWhat is IPC Section 306 in the BNS?
IPC Section 306 corresponds to BNS Section 108 (Abetment of suicide) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 108 explainedWhat is IPC Section 307 in the BNS?
IPC Section 307 corresponds to BNS Section 109 (Attempt to murder) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
BNS Section 109 explainedWhat is IPC Section 323 in the BNS?
IPC Section 323 corresponds to BNS Section 115(2) (Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. Fine is increased (which may extend to ten thousand rupees).
BNS Section 115 explainedWhat is IPC Section 324 in the BNS?
IPC Section 324 corresponds to BNS Section 118(1) (Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. Fine is increased which may extend to twenty thousand rupees and words “'grievous hurt” are added in heading.
BNS Section 118 explainedWhat is IPC Section 325 in the BNS?
IPC Section 325 corresponds to BNS Section 117(2) (Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Formal changes but essence is same.
BNS Section 117 explainedWhat is IPC Section 341 in the BNS?
IPC Section 341 corresponds to BNS Section 126(2) (Punishment for Wrongful restraint) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. Fine is increased from five hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
BNS Section 126 explainedWhat is IPC Section 354 in the BNS?
IPC Section 354 corresponds to BNS Section 74 (Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 74 explainedWhat is IPC Section 363 in the BNS?
IPC Section 363 corresponds to BNS Section 137(2) (Punishment for kidnapping) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 137 explainedWhat is IPC Section 376 in the BNS?
IPC Section 376 corresponds to BNS Sections 64 and 65(1) (Punishment for rape) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Word “military” is replaced with “army”.
BNS Section 64 explainedWhat is IPC Section 379 in the BNS?
IPC Section 379 corresponds to BNS Section 303(2) (Punishment for theft) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Punishment for subsequent convictions is added.
BNS Section 303 explainedWhat is IPC Section 380 in the BNS?
IPC Section 380 corresponds to BNS Section 305 (Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The definition enlarged "means of transportation or place of worship,' is added in the heading is reframed containing various sub-sections wherein sub-sections (b), (c), (d), (e) are new additions.
BNS Section 305 explainedWhat is IPC Section 384 in the BNS?
IPC Section 384 corresponds to BNS Section 308(2) (Extortion punishment) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. The upper limit of the imprisonment is increased from three years to seven years.
BNS Section 308 explainedWhat is IPC Section 392 in the BNS?
IPC Section 392 corresponds to BNS Section 309(4) (Punishment for robbery) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. No other change.
BNS Section 309 explainedWhat is IPC Section 406 in the BNS?
IPC Section 406 corresponds to BNS Section 316(2) (Punishment for criminal breach of trust) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. The upper limit of the imprisonment is increased from three years to five years.
BNS Section 316 explainedWhat is IPC Section 409 in the BNS?
IPC Section 409 corresponds to BNS Section 316(5) (Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 316 explainedWhat is IPC Section 411 in the BNS?
IPC Section 411 corresponds to BNS Section 317(2) (Dishonestly receiving stolen property) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 317 explainedWhat is IPC Section 420 in the BNS?
IPC Section 420 corresponds to BNS Section 318(4) (Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 318 explainedWhat is IPC Section 427 in the BNS?
IPC Section 427 corresponds to BNS Section 324(4) (Mischief causing damage to the amount of twenty thousand rupees and more but less than one lakh rupees) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
BNS Section 324 explainedWhat is IPC Section 447 in the BNS?
IPC Section 447 corresponds to BNS Section 329(3) (Criminal trespass punishment) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. The fine increased from five hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
BNS Section 329 explainedWhat is IPC Section 448 in the BNS?
IPC Section 448 corresponds to BNS Section 329(4) (trespass) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. The upper limit of the fine has been increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
BNS Section 329 explainedWhat is IPC Section 452 in the BNS?
IPC Section 452 corresponds to BNS Section 333 (House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 333 explainedWhat is IPC Section 465 in the BNS?
IPC Section 465 corresponds to BNS Section 336(2) (Forgery punishment) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. No other Change.
BNS Section 336 explainedWhat is IPC Section 467 in the BNS?
IPC Section 467 corresponds to BNS Section 338 (Forgery of valuable security, will, etc) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 338 explainedWhat is IPC Section 468 in the BNS?
IPC Section 468 corresponds to BNS Section 336(3) (Forgery for purpose of cheating) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section. No other Change.
BNS Section 336 explainedWhat is IPC Section 471 in the BNS?
IPC Section 471 corresponds to BNS Section 340(2) (Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 340 explainedWhat is IPC Section 498A in the BNS?
IPC Section 498A corresponds to BNS Sections 85 and 86 (Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
BNS Section 85 explainedWhat is IPC Section 504 in the BNS?
IPC Section 504 corresponds to BNS Section 352 (Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Words “in any manner” are added.
BNS Section 352 explainedWhat is IPC Section 506 in the BNS?
IPC Section 506 corresponds to BNS Section 351(2)/(3) (Criminal intimidation punishment) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: It is now a sub-section of a larger section.
BNS Section 351 explainedWhat is IPC Section 509 in the BNS?
IPC Section 509 corresponds to BNS Section 79 (Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNS Section 79 explainedCrPC to BNSS
Where commonly cited CrPC sections now sit in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita.
When did the BNSS come into force?
On 1 July 2024. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. For proceedings pending, or acts done, before that date, see the repeal and savings clause in BNSS Section 531.
Free CrPC to BNSS converterHow many sections does the BNSS have?
The BNSS has 531 sections; the CrPC had 484. Sections were renumbered, and many were merged or split into sub-sections, so the old numbers no longer line up.
Where does this CrPC to BNSS mapping come from?
From the Correspondence Table and Comparison Summary of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) to the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), published by the Central Academy for Police Training (CAPT), Bhopal. Check the bare Act before you cite a section in court.
See the full tableWhat is CrPC Section 41A in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 41A corresponds to BNSS Section 35 (When police may arrest without warrant) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
BNSS Section 35 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 125 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 125 corresponds to BNSS Section 144 (Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: "minor" is replaced by "child".
BNSS Section 144 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 154 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 154 corresponds to BNSS Section 173 (Information in cognizable cases) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: By adding the words "irrespective of the area where the offence is committed”, the scope is expanded to lodge an FIR.
BNSS Section 173 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 156 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 156 corresponds to BNSS Section 175 (Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: A new proviso to subsection (1) is added.
BNSS Section 175 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 161 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 161 corresponds to BNSS Section 180 (Examination of witnesses by police) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNSS Section 180 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 164 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 164 corresponds to BNSS Section 183 (Recording of confessions and statements) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
BNSS Section 183 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 167 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 167 corresponds to BNSS Section 187 (Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
BNSS Section 187 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 173 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 173 corresponds to BNSS Section 193 (Report of police officer on completion of investigation) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
BNSS Section 193 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 197 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 197 corresponds to BNSS Section 218 (Prosecution of Judges and public servants) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The BNS sections replace the corresponding IPC sections.
BNSS Section 218 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 200 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 200 corresponds to BNSS Section 223 (Examination of complainant) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The newly added first proviso to Section 223(1) provides that no cognizance of an offence shall be taken by the Magistrate without giving the accused an opportunity of being heard.
BNSS Section 223 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 313 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 313 corresponds to BNSS Section 351 (Power to examine the accused) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNSS Section 351 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 320 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 320 corresponds to BNSS Section 359 (Compounding of offences) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: In the table of compoundable offences, the corresponding IPC sections are replaced by BNS sections. Section 497 IPC is excluded as it is not included in BNS. The rest remains same.
BNSS Section 359 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 389 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 389 corresponds to BNSS Section 430 (Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: "or bail bond" added.
BNSS Section 430 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 397 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 397 corresponds to BNSS Section 438 (Calling for records to exercise powers of revision) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The words "or bail bond " added and "bail" excluded.
BNSS Section 438 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 401 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 401 corresponds to BNSS Section 442 (High Court's powers of revision) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: "pleader" is replaced by "advocate".
BNSS Section 442 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 437 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 437 corresponds to BNSS Section 480 (When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table notes: In first proviso "is under the age of 16 years" is replaced by "child". In third proviso, "or for police custody beyond the first fifteen days" added. The words "without sureties" are excluded.
BNSS Section 480 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 438 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 438 corresponds to BNSS Section 482 (Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNSS Section 482 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 439 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 439 corresponds to BNSS Section 483 (Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNSS Section 483 explainedWhat is CrPC Section 482 in the BNSS?
CrPC Section 482 corresponds to BNSS Section 528 (Saving of inherent powers of High Court) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BNSS Section 528 explainedEvidence Act to BSA
Where commonly cited Evidence Act sections now sit in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.
When did the BSA come into force?
On 1 July 2024. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. For proceedings pending, or acts done, before that date, see the repeal and savings clause in BSA Section 170.
Free IEA to BSA converterHow many sections does the BSA have?
The BSA has 170 sections; the IEA had 167. Sections were renumbered, and many were merged or split into sub-sections, so the old numbers no longer line up.
Where does this IEA to BSA mapping come from?
From the Correspondence Table and Comparison Summary of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), published by the Central Academy for Police Training (CAPT), Bhopal. Check the bare Act before you cite a section in court.
See the full tableWhat is IEA Section 3 in the BSA?
IEA Section 3 corresponds to BSA Section 2 (Definitions) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Interpretation clauses, which include words and expressions and are interpreted in paragraphs in the IEA, are now defined under Section 2(1): Definitions, where each word and expression is given individual alphabetical clauses.
BSA Section 2 explainedWhat is IEA Section 8 in the BSA?
IEA Section 8 corresponds to BSA Section 6 (Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: In explanation. And in illustrations "vakils" is replaced by "advocates" "man" is replaced by "person" and "ravished" is replaced by " raped".
BSA Section 6 explainedWhat is IEA Section 24 in the BSA?
IEA Section 24 corresponds to BSA Section 22(1) (Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The word "coercion" is added. Section 28 IEA and Section 29 IEA are given as provisos to Section 22 of the BSA. Heading is dropped as sections are included as provisos.
BSA Section 22 explainedWhat is IEA Section 25 in the BSA?
IEA Section 25 corresponds to BSA Section 23(1) (Confession to police officer) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Words "not to be proved" are excluded from heading.
BSA Section 23 explainedWhat is IEA Section 27 in the BSA?
IEA Section 27 corresponds to BSA Section Proviso to section 23 (How much of information received from accused may be proved) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Heading is dropped as the section is included as proviso.
BSA Section 23 explainedWhat is IEA Section 32 in the BSA?
IEA Section 32 corresponds to BSA Section 26 (Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Word "namely" is added and headings of subsections are dropped. In illustration word "ravished" is replaced by "raped" and word "banya" is replaced by "business".
BSA Section 26 explainedWhat is IEA Section 45 in the BSA?
IEA Section 45 corresponds to BSA Section 39(1) (Opinions of experts) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Words "or any other field" are added. Thus, scope is expanded greatly.
BSA Section 39 explainedWhat is IEA Section 63 in the BSA?
IEA Section 63 corresponds to BSA Section 58 (Secondary evidence) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Words "means and" are excluded and three new clauses (vi), (vii), and (viii) are added.
BSA Section 58 explainedWhat is IEA Section 65B in the BSA?
IEA Section 65B corresponds to BSA Section 63 (Admissibility of electronic records) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Words "or semiconductor memory" "or any communication device or otherwise stored, recorded, or copied in any electronic form" is added in subsection (1). Words "communication device", "create" are added in subsection (2).
BSA Section 63 explainedWhat is IEA Section 106 in the BSA?
IEA Section 106 corresponds to BSA Section 109 (Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BSA Section 109 explainedWhat is IEA Section 113A in the BSA?
IEA Section 113A corresponds to BSA Section 117 (Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The words "section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)" are replaced by "section 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023" in the explanation.
BSA Section 117 explainedWhat is IEA Section 113B in the BSA?
IEA Section 113B corresponds to BSA Section 118 (Presumption as to dowry death) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The words "section 304B of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)" are replaced by "section 80 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023" in explanation.
BSA Section 118 explainedWhat is IEA Section 114 in the BSA?
IEA Section 114 corresponds to BSA Section 119 (Court may presume existence of certain facts) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Paragraph are numbered as subsections (1) and (2), and illustrations to subsection (2) are numbered from (i) to (x).
BSA Section 119 explainedWhat is IEA Section 118 in the BSA?
IEA Section 118 corresponds to BSA Section 124 (Who may testify) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: The word "Lunatic" is replaced by "A person of unsound mind".
BSA Section 124 explainedWhat is IEA Section 137 in the BSA?
IEA Section 137 corresponds to BSA Section 142 (Examination of witnesses) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and (3), and headings of paragraph are excluded.
BSA Section 142 explainedWhat is IEA Section 138 in the BSA?
IEA Section 138 corresponds to BSA Section 143 (Order of examinations) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table notes: Paragraph are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and (3), and word "in-chief" included. The words in paragraph heading "Direction of re-examination" are excluded.
BSA Section 143 explainedWhat is IEA Section 145 in the BSA?
IEA Section 145 corresponds to BSA Section 148 (examination as to previous statements in writing) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The official comparison table records no change in substance.
BSA Section 148 explainedStill have a question?
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